CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus

CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Syllabus

The proposed syllabus for Physics at the Higher Secondary Stage has been developed with a view that this stage of school education is crucial and challenging as it is a transition from general science to discipline-based curriculum. The recommendations of National Curriculum Frameworkโ€“ 2005 have been followed, keeping the disciplinary approach with rigour and depth, appropriate to the comprehension level of learners. Due care has been taken that the syllabus is not heavy and at the same time it is comparable to the international standards. The syllabus provides logical sequencing of the subject matter with proper placement of concepts with their linkages for better understanding. It is expected that the syllabus will help to develop an interest in the learners to study Physics as a discipline and inculcate in learners the abilities, useful concepts of Physics in real-life situations for making learning of Physics relevant, meaningful and interesting. The learner is expected to realize and appreciate the interface of Physics with other disciplines. Rationale The higher secondary stage is crucial and challenging stage of school education as it is a transition from general science to discipline-based curriculum. Physics is being offered as an elective subject at the higher secondary stage of school education. At this stage, the students take up Physics, as a discipline, with a purpose of pursuing their future careers in basic sciences or professional courses like medicine, engineering, technology and studying courses in applied areas of science and technology at the tertiary level. There is a need to provide the learners with sufficient conceptual background of Physics which would eventually make them competent to meet the challenges of academic and professional courses after the higher secondary stage. The present effort of reforming and updating the Physics curriculum is an exercise-based on the feedback received from the school system about the existing syllabus and curricular material, large expansion of Physics knowledge, and also the educational and curricular concerns and issues provided in the National Curriculum Framework โ€“ 2005. The recommendations of the National Curriculum Framework โ€“ 2005 have been followed, keeping the disciplinary approach with rigour and depth, appropriate to the comprehension level of learners. Due care has been taken that the syllabus is not heavy and at the same time, it is comparable to the international standards. Also, it is essential to develop linkages with other disciplines for better learning of Physics concepts and establishing a relationship with daily-life situations and life-skills.

1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

  • Importance of Chemistry
  • Nature of Matter
  • Properties of Matter and their Measurement
  • Uncertainty in Measurement
  • Laws of Chemical Combinations
  • Dalton’s Atomic Theory
  • Atomic and Molecular Masses
  • Mole Concept and Molar Masses
  • Percentage Composition
  • Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations

2. Structure of Atom

  • Discovery of Sub-atomic Particles
  • Atomic Models
  • Developments Leading to the Bohr’s Model of Atom
  • Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
  • Towards Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
  • Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

  • Why do we Need to Classify Elements
  • Genesis of Periodic Classification
  • Modern Periodic Law and the present form of the Periodic Table
  • Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Numbers > 100
  • Electronic Configurations of Elements and the Periodic Table
  • Electronic Configurations and Types of Elements: s-, p-, d-, f- Blocks
  • Periodic Trends in Properties of Elements

4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

  • Kössel-Lewis Approach to Chemical Bonding
  • Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
  • Bond Parameters
  • The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
  • Valence Bond Theory
  • Hybridisation
  • Molecular Orbital Theory
  • Bonding in Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
  • Hydrogen Bonding

5. States of Matter

  • Intermolecular Forces
  • Thermal Energy
  • Intermolecular Forces vs Thermal Interactions
  • The Gaseous State
  • The Gas Laws
  • Ideal Gas Equation
  • Kinetic Energy and Molecular Speeds
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
  • Behaviour of Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
  • Liquefaction of Gases
  • Liquid State

6. Thermodynamics

  • Thermodynamic Terms
  • Applications
  • Measurement of Delta U and Delta H: Calorimetry
  • Enthalpy Change, Delta rH of a Reaction – Reaction Enthalpy
  • Enthalpies for Different Types of Reactions
  • Spontaneity
  • Gibbs Energy Change and Equilibrium

7. Equilibrium

  • Equilibrium in Physical Processes
  • Equilibrium in Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium
  • Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
  • Homogeneous Equilibria
  • Heterogeneous Equilibria Applications of Equilibrium Constants
  • Relationship between Equilibrium Constant K,
  • Reaction Quotient Q and Gibbs Energy G
  • Factors Affecting Equilibria
  • Ionic Equilibrium in Solution
  • Acids, Bases and Salts
  • Ionization of Acids and Bases
  • Buffer Solutions
  • Solubility Equilibria of Sparingly Soluble Salts

8. Redox Reactions

  • Classical Idea of Redox Reactions-Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
  • Redox Reactions in Terms of Electron Transfer Reactions
  • Oxidation Number
  • Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes

9. Hydrogen

  • Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic Table
  • Dihydrogen, H2
  • Preparation of Dihydrogen, H2
  • Properties of Dihydrogen
  • Hydrides
  • Water
  • Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
  • Heavy Water, D2O
  • Dihydrogen as a Fuel

10. The s-Block Elements

  • Group 1 Elements: Alkali Metals
  • General Characteristics of the Compounds of the Alkali Metals
  • Anomalous Properties of Lithium
  • Some Important Compounds of Sodium
  • Biological Importance of Sodium and Potassium
  • Group 2 Elements: Alkaline Earth Metals
  • General Characteristics of Compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals
  • Anomalous Behaviour of Beryllium
  • Some Important Compounds of Calcium
  • Biological Importance of Magnesium and Calcium

11. The p-Block Elements

  • Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family
  • Important Trends and Anomalous Properties of Boron
  • Some Important Compounds of Boron
  • Uses of Boron and Aluminium and their Compounds
  • Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
  • Important Trends and Anomalous Behaviour of Carbon
  • Allotropes of Carbon
  • Some Important Compounds of Carbon and Silicon

12. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques

  • General Introduction
  • Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of Organic Compounds
  • Structural Representations of Organic Compounds
  • Classification of Organic Compounds
  • Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
  • Isomerism
  • Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
  • Methods of Purification of Organic Compounds
  • Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds
  • Quantitative Analysis

13. Hydrocarbons

  • Classification
  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
  • Alkynes
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbon
  • Carcinogenicity and Toxicity

14. Environmental Chemistry

  • Environmental pollution
  • Atmospheric pollution
  • Water pollution
  • Soil pollution
  • Industrial waste
  • Strategies to control environmental pollution
  • Green chemistry

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