1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

• Chemical equations
  • Writing a chemical equation
  • Balanced chemical equations
• Types of chemical reactions
  • Combination reaction
  • Decomposition reaction
  • Displacement reaction
  • Double displacement reaction
  • Oxidation and reaction
• Have you observed the effects of oxidation reactions in       everyday life
  • Corrosion
  • Rancidity

2. Acids, Bases and Salts

• Understanding the chemical properties of acids and bases
  • Acids and bases in the laboratory
  • How do acids and bases react with the metals
  • How do metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates react with acids
  • How do acids and bases react with each other
  • Reaction of metallic oxides with acids
  • Reaction of a non-metallic oxide with base
• What do all acids and all  bases have in common
  • What happens to an acid or a base in a water solution?
• How strong are acid or base solutions?
  • Importance of pH in everyday life
• More about salts
• Family of salts
  • pH of salts
  • Chemicals from common salt
  • Are the crystals of salts really Dry?

3. Metals and Non-metals

• Physical properties
  • Metals
  • Non-metals
• Chemical properties of metals
  • What happens when Metals are burnt in Air?
  • What happens when Metals react with Water?
  • What happens when Metals react with Acids?
  • How do Metals react with Solutions of other metal Salts?
  • The Reactivity Series
• How do metals and non-metals react?
  • Properties of Ionic Compounds
• Occurrence of metals
  • Extraction of Metals
  • Enrichment of Ores
  • Extracting Metals Low in the Activity Series
  • Extracting Metals in the Middle of the Activity Series
  • Extracting Metals towards the Top of the Activity Series
  • Refining of Metals
• Corrosion
  • Prevention of Corrosion

4. Carbon and its Compounds

• Bonding in carbon – the covalent bond
• Versatile nature of carbon
  • Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
  • Chains, Branches and Rings
  • Homologous series
  • Nomenclature of carbon compounds
• Chemical properties of carbon compounds
  • Combustion
  • Oxidation
  • Addition Reaction
  • Substitution reaction
• Some important carbon compounds
  • Properties of Ethanol
  • Properties of Ethanoic Acid
•  Soaps and detergents

5.  Periodic Classification of Elements

• Making order out of chaos – early  attempts at the classification of elements
  • Döbereiner’s Triads
  • Newlands’ Law of Octaves
• Making order out of chaos – mendeleev’s periodic table
  • Achievements of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
  • Limitations of Mendeleev’s Classification
• Making order out of chaos – the modern periodic table
  • Position of Elements in the Modern Periodic Table
  • Trends in the Modern Periodic Table

6. Life Processes

• What are the life process?
• Nutrition
  • Autotropic nutrition
  • Heterotrophic Nutrition
  • How do organisms obtain their nutrition?
  • Nutrition in human beings
• Respiration
• Transportation
  • Transportation in human beings
  • Transportation in plants
• Excretion
  • Excretion in Human Beings
  • Excretion in Plants

7. Control and Coordination

• Animals – nervous system
  • What happens in Reflex Actions?
  • Human Brain
  • How are these Tissues protected?
  • How does the Nervous Tissue cause Action?
•  Coordination in plants
  • Immediate Response to Stimulus
  • Movement Due to Growth
• Hormones in animals

8. How do Organisms Reproduce?

• Do Organisms create exact copies of themselves?
  • The Importance of Variation
• Modes of Reproduction used by Single Organisms
  • Fission
  • Fragmentation
  • Regeneration
  • Budding
  • Vegetative Propagation
  • Spore Formation
• Sexual Reproduction
• Why the Sexual Mode of Reproduction?
• Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
• Reproduction in Human Beings
  • Male Reproductive System
  • Female Reproductive System
  • What happens when the Egg is not Fertilised?
  • Reproductive Health

9. Heredity and Evolution

• Accumulation of variation during reproduction
• Heredity
  • Inherited Traits
  • Rules for the Inheritance of Traits –
  • Mendel’s Contributions
  • How do these Traits get Expressed?
  • Sex Determination
• Evolution
  • An Illustration
  • Acquired and Inherited Traits
• Speciation
• Evolution and Classification
  • Tracing Evolutionary Relationships
  • Fossils
  • Evolution by Stages
• Evolution should not be equated with ‘Progress’
  • Human Evolution

10. Light – Reflection and Refraction

• Reflection of light
• Spherical mirrors
  • Image Formation by Spherical Mirrors
  • Representation of Images Formed by Spherical
  • Mirrors Using Ray Diagrams
  • Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical    Mirrors
  • Mirror Formula and Magnification
• Refraction of light
  • Refraction through a Rectangular Glass Slab to  understand
  • The Refractive Index
  • Refraction by Spherical Lenses
  • Image Formation by Lenses
  • Image Formation in Lenses Using Ray Diagrams
    Sign Convention for Spherical Lenses
  • Lens Formula and Magnification
  • Power of a Lens

11. The Human Eye and the Colourful World

• The human eye
  • Power of accommodation
• Defects of vision and their correction
• Refraction of light through a prism
• Dispersion of white light by a glass prism
• Atmospheric refraction
• Scattering of Light
  • Tyndall Effect
  • Why is the colour of the clear Sky Blue?
  • Colour of the Sun at Sunrise and Sunset

12. Electricity

• Electric current and circuit
• Electric potential and potential difference circuit diagram
• Ohm’s law
• Factors on which the resistance of a
• Conductor depends
• Resistance of a system of resistors
  • Resistors in Series
  • Resistors in Parallel
• Heating effect of electric current
  • Practical Applications of Heating Effect of  Electric Current
• Electric power

13. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

• Magnetic field and field lines
• Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor
  • Magnetic field due to a current through a straight conductor
  • Right-hand thumb rule
  • Magnetic Field due to a Current through a circular loop
  • Magnetic Field due to a Current in a solenoid
• force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
• Electric motor
• Electromagnetic induction
• Electric generator
• Domestic electric circuit

14. Sources of Energy

• What is a good source of energy?
• Conventional sources of energy
  • Fossil Fuels
  • Thermal Power Plant
  • Hydro Power Plants
  • Improvements in Technology for using Conventional Sources of Energy
• Alternative or non-conventional sources of energy
  • Solar Energy
  • Energy from the Sea
  • Geothermal Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
• Environmental consequences
• How long will an energy source last us?

15. Our Environment

• What happens when we add our waste to the environment?
• Eco-system — what are its components?
  • Food Chains and Webs
• How do our activities affect the environment?
  • Ozone Layer and How it is Getting Depleted
  • Managing the garbage we Produce

16. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

• Why do we need to manage our resources?
• Forests and wildlife
  • Stakeholders
  • Sustainable Management
• Water for all
  • Dams
  • Water Harvesting
• Coal and petroleum
• An overview of natural resource  management